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    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:BE1020912A5
    申请号:E201200828
    申请日:2012-12-11
    公开日:2014-09-02
    发明作者:
    申请人:Kurowski Serge；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Device for assisting the tilting of cells forming part of a rotary filter. DESCRIPTION
    The present invention relates to a device for balancing and assisting the tilting of filter cells forming part of a filter as described in Patent No. PCT / BE2002 / 000067.
    In the current state of the technology illustrated in FIG. 1, the tilting of the trapezoidal cells (1) towards a substantially vertical position and their return to the horizontal is ensured by a U-shaped guide path (4) represented in FIG. view developed in Figure 2; guide path in which is engaged a roller (2) fixed integrally on the sidewall, on the small base side of each cell (1), facing the central axis of rotation (3.1) of the filter and whose inclined axis (3.4 ) is perpendicular to the horizontal and tangential pivot axis (3.2) of the cell (1).
    As can be seen in FIG. 1, the self weight of the cell Pc acts vertically at the center of gravity cg of the cell (1); this center of gravity cg is located in an inclined plane (uu) passing through the horizontal pivot axis (3.2) of the cell (l) and at a distance r 1 from this axis (3.2); inclined plane (uu) which, in the horizontal position of the cell (l), forms an angle y with the horizontal plane (xx) also passing through the axis of pivoting (3.2) of the cells (1).
    As a consequence and according to the elevational view of FIG. 1, this self weight of the cell (1) Pc creates a torque C tending to rotate the cell clockwise; this couple is determined by the relation:
    When there is rotation of the rotating structure (15) supporting the cells (1) and engagement of the roller (2), integral with these, in the guide path (4), it can be observed that the cells (1 ) pivot about the axis (3.2) to occupy a substantially vertical position and that the center of gravity cg of the cell passes in line with the pivot axis of the cells (3.2) when the cell has traveled a certain angle neighbor of 45 °.
    At equilibrium, this torque C, due to the self weight of the cell (1), causes a reaction force t of the roller (2), resting on the guide path (4), this reaction force t is determined by the relation:
    where r5 is the distance between the horizontal and tangential pivot axis (3.2) of the cell and the center of the tread of the roller (2) on the guide path (4).
    When the filter rotates in the direction of the arrow shown in Figure 2 and the cell first rotates counterclockwise to occupy a substantially vertical position, the roller (2) travels this path of guidance (4) passing through the point A where the cell is always in a horizontal position, then through a point B, where the center of gravity of the cell passes in line with the axis of pivoting (3.2) of the cell .
    During this movement between the passage points A and B of the roller (2) the tilting torque C due to the self weight of the cell will gradually decrease to become zero at the point of passage B of the roller (2) in the guide path (4).
    When the cell roller (2) is located between these passage points A and B of the guide path (4), the cell always tends to tilt, according to the elevational view of FIG. 'a watch.
    Thus, during this journey, the roller will always rest on the lower rail (4.2) of the guide path (4) by generating a variable static reaction force tr, perpendicular to the rail (4.2) at the point of contact . ! :
    Depending on the angle of inclination φ of the rail (4.2) at the point of contact of the roller (2), this force tr will be decomposed into a force t directed upwards and a horizontal force th, oriented in> the opposite direction to the filter rotation. >.
    This th force will cause a braking on the rotary structure (15) of the filter, which will be manifested by an increase in the intensity consumed by the electric motor driving the filter.
    When the roller (2) will traverse the guide path (4) between the points B and C, it will continue its progression by relying this time on the upper branch (4.1) of the guide path because the center of gravity cg the cell (1) will then have exceeded the axis of pivoting (3.2) of the cell (1) and will tend to swing in the opposite direction of clockwise.
    Under these conditions, the force tr will generate this time a variable force t directed downwards and a horizontal variable force th directed in the direction of rotation of the filter, this force th will cause a thrust on the rotary structure (15) of the filter; thrust that will manifest itself by a decrease in the intensity consumed by the electric motor driving the filter.
    Between the passage points C and D, the cell (1) is maintained substantially in a vertical position to ensure, on the one hand, the discharge of the solid residues that it contains during the production period and, on the other hand, the cleaning of the cell (1) by liquid watering under pressure.
    In this substantially vertical position, the cell will always tend to swing in a counter-clockwise direction and the roller (2) will still rest on the upper rail (4.1) by generating a force t of the roller which, It will be noted that this force t will generate virtually no braking force or thrust force on the rotary structure (15) of the filter if it is considered that the rolling resistance of the filter roller (2) on the guide rail (4.1) is negligible amount compared to the aforementioned forces.
    Between the points of passage D and F, the roller (2) continues its progression in the guide path (4) to bring the cell to the horizontal through the point of passage E where the center of gravity cg of the cell (1) returns again vertically above the pivot axis (3.2) of the cell.
    In the DE section, the roller (2) always remains in contact with the upper rail (4.1) of the guide path (4) since the cell (1) always tends to swing in the opposite direction of clockwise.
    Between these points of passage D and E, there is again appearance of a force tr due to the contact of the roller (2) with the upper rail (4.1) of the guide path (4); force tr which decomposes into a downward force t and a horizontal force th which opposes the direction of rotation of the filter; which again generates a braking on the rotary structure (15) of the filter; braking which will also manifest itself by an increase in the intensity consumed by the electric motor driving the filter.
    Finally, between the points of passage E and F of the roller (2), the center of gravity cg of the cell (1) has exceeded the line of the pivot axis (3.2) of the cell (1) and the cell then, again, tends to swing in the direction of clockwise.
    In this portion of the guide path (4) the roller (2) which guides and retains the cell is then again in contact with the lower rail (4.2) of the guide path (4) which again generates a tr which is decomposed into a force t directed upwards and a horizontal force th, oriented in the direction of rotation of the filter, force th which will again produce a thrust on the rotating structure of the filter which will be manifested by a decrease of the intensity consumed by the electric motor driving the filter.
    Thus, during the entire path of the roller (2) in the guide path (4), each tilting movement of the cell (1), from a horizontal position to reach a substantially vertical position and then back to a position horizontal, will produce horizontal forces, either thrust or th braking; forces that will solicit the cells (1), the rotating structure (15) of the filter, as well as other static components of the apparatus.
    It should also be noted that these th forces act on these components in a non-synchronized manner because I guide path (4) is, in principle, studied, and realized according to criteria specific to the functionality of the filter, so as to reduce as much as possible the angle aü non active center of the filter, also called dead angle and materialized largely by the angular distance AF in Figure 2.
    If the synchronization of these reaction forces of the roller (2) on the guide path (4) was sought, it would be necessary: - that the tilting movement of the cell (1) between the passage points A and C of the path of the guide (4) is "symmetrical" with respect to the passage point B, for example a uniformly accelerated movement from A to B, then uniformly decelerated from B to C with an acceleration, in the section AB, of intrinsic value and identical to the deceleration in the section BC, - that the point of passage B of the roller (2), corresponds also to half of the total pivot angle of the cell (l), - that the point of passage B of the roller (2 ) also corresponds to the passage of the center of gravity cg in line with the pivot axis (3.2) of the cell (1), hence the need to construct cells having a center of gravity located in an inclined plane according to an angle y equal to half the total tilting angle of the cell (1), - that the angle at the center of the filter consumed by the tilting of the cell between the passage points AC and DF of the roller (2) is, for example, at least equal to twice the angular distance existing between two neighboring cells or to a multiple pair of this angular distance; this is so that the braking forces th of the roller (2) acting on the section AB of the guide path (4) are equal, at the same time, to the thrust forces th acting on the section BC of the path of guidance, and it is the same for the descent movement of the cell (l), between the passage points DE and EF of the roller (2) of the cell (1).
    If the synchronization was now sought between the first so-called switching up of the cell (1) to a substantially vertical position; AC section, and the second movement said descent from the cell (l) to a horizontal position DF section, it should in addition that the angle at the center of the filter represented by the section CD is also a multiple of the existing angular distance between two neighboring cells.
    Finally, always in the search for a synchronization and possibly, a balance of the th forces produced between the guide rail sections (4) AC and DF during the filter production period, it should be noted that the cells that are located in the AC section of the rail (4) will be loaded with filtration residues, therefore heavier than the cells (1) which will still be in the section DF; therefore, to achieve the synchronization and balance thr forces thrust and braking, it should be that the guide rail (4) of the AC section is longer and less inclined than that of the section DF; in order to obtain substantially equal th components in these sections AC and DF.
    In short, a synchronization of the forces produced by contact of the roller (2) in the guide path (4) is not desirable because: - it would necessarily lead to an increase in the dead angle of the filter, therefore a decrease in the active surface filter, it would allow virtually no reduction of freight forces of their components t and th; which means that the unwanted components th, much larger than the components t always solicit the cells (1), the rotating structure (15) of the filter as well as many other static components of the device.
    Following this observation and with a view to eliminating, or even greatly reducing, these forces tr and their components t and t / ι, a first form of the invention has been devised, and it relates to a device that can be mounted on the rotating structure (15) of the filter, under each cell (1) as illustrated in Figures 3 and 4.
    According to an innovative concept, this device makes it possible to substantially and statically balance the eigenweight of each cell with respect to its horizontal and tangential pivot axis (3.2); regardless of the position of the cell (1) in its tilting movements.
    In fact, the effectiveness of this first variant of the device is obtained, firstly, thanks to the principle of the lever which amplifies the effect of a small counterweight (9) mounted on an arm (8) fastened integrally to a bearing ( 19), bearing (19) freely rotating on a shaft (17), and second, to a geometric and advantageous decomposition of the forces induced in a cable (10) which connects, on the one hand, the end of a lever (6) fixed to the bearing (11) of the cell (1) and secondly, at the end of a second arm (7) integral with the bearing (19).
    Thus, the application of these two principles will make it possible to greatly reduce, or even eliminate, at certain moments of the tilting, the static forces tr coming from the contact between the roller (2) of a cell (1), free from residues of filtration, and its guide path (4).
    When the filter is in the production phase, each cell containing filtration residues before switching will be heavier; in this case and thanks to the device, these static forces will be reduced to a low enough level to preserve the integrity of the main components of the apparatus, among which, the cells (1) and the rotating structure (15) of the filter.
    When visiting a production unit where this type of filter is available, we can observe and note that its rotation speed is between 4 to 5 minutes per revolution; therefore, it may be admitted that it is mainly the static forces that predominate during the switching of the cells (1); This filter therefore requires an assistance system based on the balance of static forces that are produced during the switchover.
    According to a realistic assumption in terms of design in the field of the design of a rotary filter with tilting cells, the weight of the filtration residues contained in the cell (1) at the end of the filtration cycle, ie before unloading, can represent approximately 50% of the own weight of a cell (1).
    If the device is capable of substantially balancing the own weight Pc of the cell (1), for cells still containing filtration residues, and therefore heavier, the device should be able to limit these static tilting forces tr to +/- 35 % of what they are worth on a filter not equipped with the device; percentage that would be determined by the following relationship:
    where 1.5 Pc would represent, for example, the weight of a cell filled with filtration residues and Pc, the self weight of cell (1) without filtration residues.
    In conclusion, such a device would achieve, substantially, a state of static equilibrium for each cell (1), free of filtration residues.
    For cells (1) still containing filtration residues, the device would thus bring about a reduction, static tilting forces tr and their components t and th, estimated at +/- 66%. This strong reduction of the mechanical stresses acting on the main components of the filter during the switching of the cells (1), would make it possible to ensure, an improvement of the mechanical functioning and the reliability of the apparatus, a reduction of the maintenance interventions, an increase sensitive to a rotational speed, so a higher production level.
    According to this form of the invention illustrated in FIGS. 3 (elevational view) and 4 (plan view), the device which is the subject of the present invention comprises: a first arm (7) fixed integrally to the bearing ( 19) pivoting freely about a fixed shaft (17) supported by two gussets (13) supported by a spacer profile (14), integrally connected to the rotary structure (15) of the filter via a post (16); fixed shaft (17) whose axis (3.3) is preferably parallel to the pivot axis (3.2) of the cell (1); fixed shaft (17) which can be located in a space limited by the space requirement of the cell (1) in a horizontal position, by a drainage channel (25), by a vertical plane (yy) passing through the pivot axis (3.2) of the cell (1), by a protective screen (24) supported by the rotary frame (15) of the filter; first arm (7) whose axis (7.1) is preferably in a vertical plane (bb) perpendicular to the axis of pivoting (3.2) of the cell and to the pivot axis (3.3) of the bearing (19); vertical plane (bb) which is preferably located next to the vertical plane (aa) perpendicular to the axis of pivoting (3.2) of the cell (1); plane (aa) which also contains the vertical central axis (3.1) of the filter; vertical plane (bb) which is therefore parallel to the plane (aa) and situated at a sufficient distance from this plane (aa) to avoid any contact between the drainage pipe (5) of the cell (l) and the first arm ( 7), - a second arm (8) itself fixed integrally to the bearing (19); second arm (8), whose axis (8.1) is preferably in a vertical plane (cc) parallel to the planes (bb) and (aa), a lever (6) fixed integrally to the bearing (11) of the cell (1); lever (6) whose axis (6.1) is located, preferably also in the vertical plane (bb).
    At the end of the second arm (8) is fixed a counterweight (9) whose center of gravity is located at a distance r3 relative to the horizontal axis (3.3) of the bearing (19).
    The end of the arm (7) is provided with a hinge pin (18) whose axis (18.1) is parallel to the axis of pivoting (3.2) of the cell (1); and located at a distance r2 from the horizontal axis (3.3) of the bearing (19). This hinge pin (18) retains a first lug (23) attached to one end of a cable (10).
    The lever (6) is also provided at its end with a hinge pin (18) whose axis (18.2) is also preferably parallel to the pivot axis (3.2) of the cell ( 1); hinge pin (18) which holds, at the other end of the cable (10), a second lug (23) forming part of the same cable (10); pin (18) whose axis (18.2) is located at a distance r4 from the horizontal pivot axis (3.2) of the cell (1).
    According to the concept of the invention shown in FIG. 3, if the total angle of the tilting of the cell is, for example, equal to 90 °, the lever (6) will be fixed integrally with the bearing (11) of the cell ( l) horizontally so that the angle formed n between the axis (6.1) of the lever (6) and the plane (zz), passing through the pivot axis (3.2) of the cell (1) and located at a distance r2 of the axis (3.3), equal to -45 °; that is to say substantially equivalent to half of the total tilt angle of the cell (1).
    With regard to the arm (7) and when the cell occupies a horizontal position, it will be fixed integrally to the bearing (19) so that the angle formed between the plane (zz) passing through the pivot axis (3.2) of the cell and the axis (7.1) of the arm (7) is preferably equal to 90 °.
    For the arm (8) and when the cell still occupies a horizontal position, it will be integrally fixed to the bearing (19) so that the axis (8.1) of the arm (8) is in a position either substantially horizontal or inclined to maximum upwards or downwards between + 25 ° and -25 ° relative to the horizontal plane (w) passing through the axis (3.3) of the bearing (19).
    According to the device shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 3 and 4, it can be understood that, thanks to the action of the weight (9) attached to the end of the arm (8), the cable (10) connecting the two hinge pins (18) of the lever (6) and the arm (7) will be subjected to traction regardless of the position of the cell (1) between a horizontal position and a substantially vertical position.
    Thus, when the cell (1) begins to pivot about its axis (3.2), starting from a horizontal position and counterclockwise, the lever (6), fixed to the bearing (11) the cell (1) will also turn counterclockwise.
    As the end of this lever (6) is connected to the end of the arm (7) by the cable (10) and the bearing (19) rotates freely on the shaft (17) under the effect of the counterweight (9) fixed to the end of the arm (8), the arm (8) will also turn, in a first step, in the opposite direction of clockwise by exerting a torque C1 on the bearing (19).
    Continuing its counterclockwise pivoting movement, 1a: cell (1), the bearing (19) and the arms (7) and (8) will continue to rotate in the same direction until ., that the cable (10) and the axis (6.1) of the lever (6) are perfectly aligned, then the bearing (19), the arms (7) and (8) will rotate in the direction of clockwise to return to their starting position, which position then corresponds to the substantially vertical position of the cell (1).
    Thus, the counterweight (9) will exert a torque C1 on the bearing (19) as a function of the inclination β of the axis (8.1) of the arm (8) relative to the horizontal plane (w); Cl torque that will also produce, and regardless of the position of the cell (1), a pull in the cable (10). As the cable (10), subjected to traction, is also connected to the end of the lever (6) fastened integrally to the bearing (11) of the cell (1), this traction will produce, during all the tilting movement of the cell (1), a variable torque on the bearing (11) of the cell (1); torque that will oppose the torque due to the weight of the cell (1) regardless of the position of the cell (1) in its tilting movement.
    Note that this variable torque will obviously be zero when, during the tilting movement, the axis (6.1) of the lever (6) will be in perfect alignment with the cable (10) or if the arm (8) supporting the counterweight ( 9) pivots sufficiently downward during its movement so that the axis (8.1) of the arm (8) eventually reaches a substantially vertical position where the counterweight no longer exerts any torque on the bearing (19).
    In the concept of this first form of the invention, it should be noted that the cable (10) could be replaced by a rope, a bar or rigid rod since this component of the device will, in principle, always be subjected to traction ; regardless of the angular position of the cell in its tilting movement.
    Following this yes precedes and according to this possible form of the invention, illustrated geometrically in Figure 5 where the cell (1) would rotate a total angle of 90 ° to occupy a vertical position, in the opposite direction of the needles d 'a watch . or a, the angle formed between the axis (6.1) of the lever (6) and the plane (zz) between -45 ° and + al. where α is the angle formed between the axis (6.1) of the lever (6) and the plane (zz) when this axis (6.1) of the lever (6) is in perfect alignment with the cable (10).
    If, starting from a horizontal position of the cell (1), the axis (3.3) of the bearing (19), to which the arms (7) and (8) are attached, is, for example, placed at an ordinate negative h with respect to a horizontal plane (xx) passing through the pivot axis (3.2) of the cell (1); that axis (3.3) is located at a distance L on the inclined plane (zz) and at an abscissa L1 on the horizontal plane (xx), both passing through the axis of pivoting (3.2) of the cell (1); that the inclined plane (zz) is perpendicular to the axis (7.1) of the arm (7) and located at a distance equal to the radius r2 of the axis (3.3) of the bearing (19); that the arm (8) supporting the counterweight (9) is fixed on the bearing (19) in a horizontal position, under these conditions, when the cell (1) has pivoted and the axis (6.1) of the lever (6). forms an angle α with the inclined plane (zz), it will be possible to determine the angles β, ε, and 6 as a function of the angle Θ, formed between the axis (6.1) of the lever (6) with the cable ( 10), and other quantities r2, r3, r4, / i, Ll illustrated in Figure 5, the forces and torques acting on the bearings (19) and (11) will be determined by the following relationships:
    where Cl is the pair acting on the bearing (19), where p represents the weight of the counterweight (9) acting on the bearing (19) at radius r3, where β is the angle formed between the axis (8.1) of the arm (8) and the horizontal plane (w) passing through the axis (3.3) of the bearing (19).
    where / pl is the force due to the torque Cl acting at the end of the arm (7), radius r2; being perpendicular to the axis (7.1) of this arm,
    where fbl is the force transmitted in the axis of the arm (7) after decomposition of the force / pl, due to the torque Cl, where (δ +61) is the angle formed between the axis (7.1) of the arm (7) and the cable (10), note that there will be compression in the arm (7) if the angle (δ + δΐ) is less than 90 ° and traction in the arm (7) if the angle (δ + <51) is greater than 90 °; this is possible if, for example, the length d of the cable (10) is shortened by means such as a commercial tensioner (20) inserted in the length d of the cable (10).
    As already indicated, whatever the value of the angle (δ + δΐ) there will always be traction in the cable (10), except if the axis (8.1) of the arm (8) carrying the counterweight ( 9), becomes vertical in its descent movement, in this case the angle β would be worth 90 ° the pair Cl would be zero.
    For any angle β less than 90 °, this traction force fc transmitted in the cable (10) after decomposition of the force / p due to the torque Cl will be determined by the relation:
    As this force fc is transmitted integrally, by the cable (10), to the end of the lever (6), it will then decompose into a force fb2 in the axis (6.1) of the lever (6) and will come from the relationship:
    where Θ is the angle formed between the cable (10) and the axis (6.1) of the lever (6), note that this force fb2 will produce traction in the lever (6) if the angle Θ is greater than 90 ° and compression if the angle Θ is less than 90 °.
    Finally, this force fc will also be decomposed, at the end of the lever (6), into a force / p2 perpendicular to the axis (6.1) of the lever (6) determined by the relation:
    This will then produce the torque C2 acting on the cell bearing (11) to balance the cell (1); couple that will be defined by the relationship:
    where r4 is the distance between the axis (18.2) of the hinge pin (18) attached to the end of the lever (6) and the pivot axis (3.2) of the cell.
    Still according to this form of the invention. illustrated geometrically in Figure 6 where the cell (1) would rotate a total of 90 ° anal, to occupy a vertical position, or a, the angle formed between the axis (6.1) of the lever (6) and the plane (zz), between + al and + 45 °.
    in this configuration and after determining the angles β, ε, δ as a function of the angle Θ and the other quantities r2, r3, r4, h, L1 illustrated in FIG. 6, the forces and torques acting on the bearings (19) and (11) will be determined by the following relationships:

    where the anglef δ -δΐ) is always the angle formed between the axis (7.1) of the arm (7) and the cable (10),

    C2 = fp2 * r4 {17}. balancing torque acting on the bearing (11) of the cell (1).
    Concrete example :
    Either a filter comprising cells of 4 m2 where:
    Pc = 600daN, γ = 45 °, r1 = 0.85m, L = 1.75m, r2 = 0.575m, r3 = 2m, r4 = 1.1m, p = 60daN. η = 45 °, note also that the value of the counterweight p does not take into account the weight of the arm (8) estimated at 22.5daN also acting in the axis (8.1) of the arm (8) on the bearing (19) and at a distance of about 1 m.
    Under these conditions, in the horizontal or vertical position of the cell, the torque due to the imbalance of the cell free of filtration residues will be worth;
    t if we consider that: the total angle of tilting of the cell is 90 ° since the angle η is, for example, 45 °, since the angle y formed between the plane (uu) passing through the center of gravity Cg of the cell, and the horizontal plane (xx) is also equal to 45 °; in this case, the torque C due to the imbalance of the cell will be worth: 360.6 daN and the balancing torque C2 due to the device will be equal to 347 daNm, which represents a balance of the horizontal or vertical cell provided at 96.22 %.
    Note also that in horizontal position of the cell (1), this balance should always be less than 100%; otherwise, the cell free of fijtration residues, could not maintain freely in a horizontal position before the filling of material to be filtered.
    Since this type of filter has been designed and used to filter diluted and wet-produced phosphoric acid, filtration residues are mainly gypsum with 30-40% water; these residues often have an optimal thickness of 5 cm and a specific gravity of 1.5 daN / dm3, therefore, the weight of these residues contained in a cell (1) of 4mzatteindrait +/- 300 daN.
    In this case, the torque C, due to the unbalance of a cell (1) weighing 600daN containing 300daN of residues being vertical horizontal, would be worth: C = 900 * 0.875 * sin45 ° = 556daNm, which means that the device would therefore reduce this torque from 556 daNm to 209daNm; or a decrease in the stresses on the cells and the rotary structure (15) of the filter evaluated at: 62.41%.
    To find the equilibrium level of the cell (1) free of filtration residues in each tilting position, the above relations were introduced in a computer program to obtain the diagram 1 based on the aforementioned values; diagram 1 which illustrates the variation of the couples C, C2 and Cr in daNm, as a function of the angle Θ formed between the axis (6.1) of the lever (6) and the cable (10); couples where C is the torque due to the unbalance of the cell (1), C2, the balancing torque due to the device and Cr, the residual torque, the difference between the pairs C and C2.
    When this center of gravity of the cell is in a plane whose angle of inclination y with respect to the plane (xx) is somewhat different from 45 °, for example if the angle was less than 45 °, in this case it would nevertheless be possible to substantially balance the unbalance of the cell (1) by the device, either by reducing the length d of the cable (10) or by increasing the distance between the axis (3.3) of the bearing ( 19) and the plane (zz).
    For a center of gravity that would be located in a plane whose angle would be greater than 45 °, one could proceed in the opposite way.
    In order to be able to reduce or increase, within certain limits, the length d of the cable (10) in order to look for the maximum equilibrium effect of the device as a function of the angle y to be observed on filters. existing or to be evaluated by calculations, the device could be equipped with a cable tensioner (20) allowing this adjustment.
    According to a variant of the invention, illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8, the device could be somewhat modified and completed in the following manner: it would be necessary: to position the axis (3.3) of the bearing (19) to a greater distance L with respect to the axis (3.2) of pivoting of the cell (1) and preferably at a negative ordinate with respect to the horizontal plane (xx) passing through the axis of pivoting (3.2) of the cell (1), - add to the device two preferably grooved rollers (21) of the same diameter, and rotating freely about two fixed shafts (22) parallel to the pivot axis (3.2) of the cell (1) ; rollers (21) whose grooves will align by contact and partial winding of the cable (10); fixed shafts (22) whose axes (21.1) will be at least separated by a distance equivalent to half the sum of the diameters of the two rollers (21); fixed shafts (22) which will also be located in a plane (ww) perpendicular to the plane (xx) and at a distance L1 from the pivot axis (3.2) of the cell (1); fixed shafts (22) which will be held by two gussets (13) integrally connected to a spacer (14); it is fixed to the rotary structure (15) of the filter via a post (16).
    In this variant of the invention, these rollers would have for mission: - to partially wind up the cable (lO) connected on the one hand, to the end of the lever (6) provided with a hinge pin (18) ; and on the other hand, at the end of the arm (7) also equipped with a hinge pin (18); as this partial winding would be performed on rollers (21), the cable (10) should be very flexible.
    Thus, the cable (10) connected to the lever (6) will form a variable angle Θ, with the axis (6.1) of the lever (6); this angle Θ will reach 180 ° when the cell has traveled substantially an angle η which is half the total tilt angle of the cell (1), whether from its horizontal position or its substantially vertical position.
    As shown in FIG. 7, the arm (8) supporting the counterweight (9) could easily be extended, either under the axis of pivoting (3.2) of the cell (1), or extended vertically between this axis (3.2) and the vertical plane (ww); and this, in order to maximize the radius r3, distance separating the counterweight (9) from the axis (3.3) of the bearing (19).
    Note that, in the two possible forms of the invention, the elongation of the arm (8) bearing the counterweight (9) will be limited: - by the vertical distance separating the axis (3.3) from the bearing (19) and the dewatering channel (25); dewatering channel (25) which can nevertheless be deepened locally to create an additional space (25.1) allowing this elongation, - by the size of the cell (1) itself when it occupies a vertical position.
    After studying the geometry of the device, illustrated in Figure 9, it will be assumed for example: - that the rollers (21) have a very small diameter to consider that there is only deformation of the cable (10) at a single point C, - that the cell (1) sweeps a total tilt angle equal to 90 ° between the horizontal position and the vertical position, - that at a horizontal position of the cell (1) corresponds therefore an inclination of -45 ° by ratio to the plane (xx) for the axis (6.1) of the lever (6), - that in a vertical position of the cell (1) therefore also corresponds an inclination of +45 ° with respect to the plane (xx) for the the axis (6.1) of the lever (6), that at a horizontal or vertical position of the cell corresponds a horizontal position for the axis (7.1) of the arm (7).
    In this new configuration of the invention, and after determining the angles θ, β, ε, δ as a function of a and the other quantities r2, r3, r4, h, L1, L2 illustrated in FIG. 9, the forces and torques acting on the landing (11) will be determined by the following relations:
    As for the first form of the invention, to know the equilibrium level of the cell (1) free of filtration residues in each tilting position within the scope of this second form of the invention, the above relations have were introduced in a computer spreadsheet to obtain a diagram 2 based on the quantities defined below; diagram 2 which illustrates the variation of the couples C, C2 and Cr in daNm, as a function of the angle α formed between the axis (6.1) of the lever (6) and the plane (xx); couples where C is the torque due to the unbalance of the cell (1), C2, the balancing torque and Cr, the residual torque, the difference between the pairs C and C2.
    Concrete example:
    Either a filter that can be made according to the following quantities:
    To note:
    - the value of p does not take into account the weight of the arm (8), longer and estimated this time at 27.25 daN; arm (8) which also acts on the bearing (19) at a distance close to 1.1m, - that the force fc induced in the cable (10) is transmitted integrally to the end of the lever (6) without being subjected to reduction due to the deformation of the cable and the rolling resistance of the rollers (21). j
    If the angle γ, formed between the plane (xx) and the plane (vv), containing the center of gravity cg of a cell (1) I
    in horizontal position, is different from 45 °, the lever (6) of the device could then, for example, be fixed on the bearing (11) so that the axis (6.1) of this lever (6) forms an angle equal to - (90 ° - y) with respect to the plane (xx). In this configuration, the axis (6.1) of the lever (6) will be in perfect alignment with.the cable (10) when the center of gravity cg of the cell (1) will be, at this moment, plumb the pivot axis (3.2) of the cell (1); in this situation, the torque C due to the unbalance of the cell (1) will be zero and the balancing torque Cl, due to the device since the axis (6.1) of the lever (6) will be perfectly aligned with the cable (10). ) at this moment.
    As in the first embodiment of the invention, the device could also be equipped with a tensioner! cable (20); tensioner (20) which will allow, within certain limits, the final adjustment of the length of the cable (10); and this, to take into account the presupposed winding portions of the cable (10) deformed at a single point C.
    In this way and thanks to this tensioner (20), it will be possible to respect the theoretical angles defined by the above relations and to obtain the values determined by these relations.
    Also note that all parts of the device, described in the two forms of the invention and where there is articulation and contact between certain parts, can be provided with wear bushings and lubricators trade to lubricate parts, as for example, the lugs (23) in contact with the shafts (18), the bearing (19) in contact with the shaft (17).
    Finally, it is understood that the present invention and the variant thereof are in no way limited to the embodiments described above and that many modifications can be made within the scope of the appended claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (4)
    [1]
    First tilt assist device, capable of statically equilibrating the self weight of trapezoidal filter cells (1), each supported by a rotating structure (15); according to the state of the art, the rotary structure (15) is composed of a set of rods or trusses forming a tubular framework supporting the cells (1); each farm (15) being connected by a horizontal circular beam placed on load-bearing rollers fixed to the floor of the filter; bearing rollers which allow the horizontal rotation of the rotary structure (15). These elements are part of rotary vacuum filters, as described in patent No. PCT / BE2002 / 000067, filters in which the filtering cells (1), arranged in a carousel around a vertical central axis (3.1), pivot in end of each filtration cycle to occupy a substantially vertical position allowing the discharge of the residues they contain; after each filtration cycle. This first device, capable of statically equilibrating the dead weight of each filtering cell (1) comprises the following elements: a first arm (7) fixedly secured to a bearing (19) which pivots freely around a fixed shaft ( 17); fixed shaft (17) supported by two gussets (13) connected to a spacer profile (14), itself integrally connected to the rotary structure (15) of the filter via a post (16); fixed shaft (17) whose axis (3.3) is parallel to the horizontal and tangential pivot axis (3.2) of the cell (1); fixed shaft (17) whose axis (3.3) is situated at an abscissa L1 of this axis (3.2) and at an ordinate h with respect to a horizontal plane (xx) passing through the pivot axis (3.2) cell (1); ordinate h which can be either positive, null or negative; fixed shaft (17) which will be located in a space limited by: - the size of the cell (l) in a horizontal position, - a vertical plane (yy) passing through the axis of pivoting (3.2) of the cell (1 ), a protective screen (24); according to the state of the art, this protective screen (24) is a kind of truncated cone-shaped sheet metal intended to protect the internal mechanical parts of the filter against possible and accidental splashing and / or overflowing of fluids coming from the feeding these fluids into cells (1); this shield (24) is supported by the rotatable structure (15) of the filter, -a dewatering channel (25); according to the state of the art, this drip channel (25) is a kind of circular channel, open with flow slopes, forming part of the floor of the building in which the filter is implanted, this channel covers the entire floor surface of the filter under the cells (1); it is intended to collect the possible and accidental splashing and / or overflowing of fluids that may come from the supply of these fluids in the cells (1); first arm (7) whose axis (7.1) lies in a vertical plane (bb) perpendicular to the axis of pivoting (3.2) of the cell (1) and to the axis (3.3) of the bearing (19) ; vertical plane (bb) which is parallel to a vertical plane (aa) passing through the central vertical axis (3.1) of the filter and through the center of the drainage pipe (5) of the cell (1); drainage pipe (5); according to the prior art, this drain pipe (5) is a kind of flexible duct connected to a source of depression, it is intended to collect the filtrates of the cell to take them to a distributor manifold located at filter center; first arm (7) whose end is provided with a first hinge pin (18) whose axis (18.1) is parallel to the axis of pivoting (3.2) of the cell (1) and located at a certain distance r2 from the horizontal axis (3.3) of the bearing (19); second arm (8) whose axis (8.1) will also be contained in a vertical plane (cc), parallel to the vertical plane (bb); second arm (8), carrying the counterweight (9) to be fixed will be fixed integrally on the bearing (19) to occupy a position close to the horizontal or slightly inclined, for example between + 25 ° and -25 ° relative to a horizontal plane (w), passing through the horizontal axis (3.3) of the bearing (19), and this, when the cell (1) occupies a horizontal or substantially vertical position against weight (9), of weight p, fixed jointly at the end of the second arm (8); counterweight (9) whose center of gravity will be located at a distance r3 from the horizontal axis (3.3) of the bearing (19); Ievier (6) whose axis (6.1) will also lie in the vertical plane (bb), lever (6) which will be fixed integrally to the bearing (11) of the horizontal cell (1) so that its axis (6.1) and the plane (zz), passing through the axis (3.2), form an angle η equal to half the total pivot angle of the cell (1); plane (zz) which will also, in horizontal or substantially vertical position of the cell (1), perpendicular to the axis (7.1) of the first arm (7) also passing through the axis (18.1) of the pin of articulation (18) fixed to the end of this arm (7); lever (6) whose end, also provided with a second hinge pin (18) whose axis (18.2) will also be parallel to the pivot axis (3.2) of the cell (1); axis (18.2) which will be located at a distance r4 from the pivot axis (3.2) of the cell (1); cable (10) which can be provided with lugs (23) at both ends; cable (10), of length d, which will connect, thanks to these two lugs (23), the two hinge pins (18) attached to the ends of the lever (6) and the first arm (7).
    [2]
    Second tilt assist device, capable of statically equilibrating the self weight of trapezoidal filter cells (1), each supported by a rotatable structure (15); according to the state of the art, the rotary structure (15) is composed of a set of rods or trusses forming a tubular framework supporting the cells (1); each farm (15) being connected by a horizontal circular beam placed on load-bearing rollers fixed to the floor of the filter; bearing rollers which allow the horizontal rotation of the rotary structure (15). These elements are part of rotary vacuum filters, as described in the patent PCT / BE2002 / 000067, where the filtering cells (1) arranged in a carousel around a central vertical axis (3.1), pivot, in the end each filter cycle to occupy a substantially vertical position allowing the discharge of residues they contain; after each filtration cycle. This second device, which is able to statically balance the dead weight of each filtering cell (1), comprises the following elements: a first arm (7) fixed integrally on a bearing (19) which pivots freely around a fixed shaft (17) ; fixed shaft (17) supported by two gussets (13) connected to a spacer profile (14), itself integrally connected to the rotary structure (15) of the filter via a post (16); fixed shaft (17) whose axis (3.3) is parallel to the horizontal pivot axis (3.2) of the cell (1); fixed shaft (17) located at an abscissa L of the latter and at an ordinate h with respect to a plane (xx), preferably horizontal, passing through the axis (3.2) of pivoting of the cell (1); ordinate h which can be either positive, null or negative; fixed shaft (17) which will be located in a space limited by: - the size of the cell (l) in a horizontal position, - a vertical plane (yy) passing through the axis of pivoting (3.2) of the cell (1 ), a protective screen (24); according to the existing state of the art, a kind of truncated cone-shaped sheet metal intended to protect the internal mechanical parts of the filter against possible and accidental splashes and / or overflows of fluids coming from the supply of these fluids into cells ( 1); this protection screen (24) is supported by the rotary structure (15) of the filter, -a drip channel (25), according to the existing state of the art, a sort of circular channel, open with flow slopes , forming part of the floor of the building in which the filter is implanted, this channel covers the entire ground surface of the filter located under the cells (1); it is intended to collect the possible and accidental splashing and / or overflowing of fluids that may come from the supply of these fluids in the cells (1); first arm (7) whose axis (7.1) lies in a vertical plane (bb) perpendicular to the axis of pivoting (3.2) of the cell (1) and to the axis (3.3) of the bearing (19) ; vertical plane (bb) which is parallel to a vertical plane (aa) passing through the central vertical axis (3.1) of the filter and through the center of the drainage pipe (5) of the cell (1); drainage pipe (5); according to the state of the art, a kind of flexible conduit connected to a vacuum source, it is intended to collect the filtrates of the cell to take them to a manifold located in the center of the filter; first arm (7), the end of which is provided with a first hinge pin (18) whose axis (18.1) is parallel to the axis of pivoting (3.2) of the cell (1) and located at a certain distance r2 from the horizontal axis (3.3) of the bearing (19); arm (7) which will be fixed integrally on the bearing (19) to occupy a horizontal or slightly inclined position, for example, between + 30 ° and -30 ° relative to a horizontal plane (w), passing through the horizontal axis (3.3) of the bearing (19), and when the cell (1) occupies a horizontal or substantially vertical position; second arm (8) whose axis (8.1) is also contained in a vertical plane (cc), parallel to the vertical plane (bb); second arm (8), carrying the counterweight (9) to be fixed will be fixed integrally on the bearing (19) to occupy a position close to the horizontal or slightly inclined, for example between + 25 ° and -25 ° relative to a horizontal plane (w), passing through the horizontal axis (3.3) of the bearing (19), and this, when the cell (1) occupies a horizontal or substantially vertical position against weight (9), of weight p, fixed jointly at the end of the second arm (8); counterweight (9) whose center of gravity will be located at a distance r3 relative to the horizontal axis (3.3) of the bearing (19), lever (6) whose axis (6.1) will also be in the vertical plane (bb); lever (6) which will be fixed integrally to the bearing (11) of the horizontal cell (1), so that its axis (6.1) and the plane, preferably horizontal (xx), passing through the axis (3.2), form an angle η equal to half the total pivot angle of the cell (1); lever (6) which will also be provided with a hinge pin ((18) whose axis (18.2) will be parallel to the axis of pivot (3.2) of the cell (1), axis (18.2) which will be located at a distance r4 from the axis (3.2) of pivoting of the cell (1), cable (10) being able to be provided with lugs (23) at both ends, cable (10), of length d, which will connect the two hinge pins (18) attached to the ends of the lever (6) and the first arm (7) passing between two rollers (21), two rollers (21) freely rotating about two fixed shafts (22) horizontal and parallel to the pivot axis (3.2) of the cell (1); rollers (21), each provided with a groove, preferably, central facilitating free rotation provided by contact and adhesion with the cable (10); ), which also ensures the alignment of these rollers (21) in the plane (bb), two fixed shafts (22) carrying the two rollers (21), whose axes (22.1) and (22.2), are located,respectively above and below the plane (xx) passing through the pivot axis (3.2) of the cells (1); two fixed axes (22.1) and (22.2) which are also located in a plane (ww) parallel to the pivot axis (3.2) of the cell (1) and perpendicular to the plane (xx) passing through the pivot axis (3.2) of the cell; vertical plane (ww) which will be located at a distance L1 from the pivot axis (3.2) of the cell (l); fixed shafts (22) which are held by two gussets (13) integrally connected to a spacer (14); spacer (14) fixed itself integrally to the rotary structure (15) of the filter via a post (16).
    [3]
    3. Cell tilting assistance devices (1) according to claims 1 and 2, each of which can produce a torque Cl = p * r3 * cosß on a bearing (19); and this, thanks to a counterweight (9), p-value, attached to the end of an arm (8) radius r3; arm (8) whose axis (8.1) and the horizontal plane (w), containing the axis (3.3) of a bearing (19), form an angle β; torque C1 which produces a force fpl = Cl / r2 acting perpendicular to the end of the arm (7); fpl force which induces a tensile force fc in the cable, (10) by geometrical decomposition; fc = / pl / cos (90 - 5), where the angle δ is formed between the axis (7.1) of the arm (7) and that of the cable (10); traction force fc, which will also produce a balancing torque C2 acting on the bearing (11) of the cell (1), since transmitted by the cable (10) to the end of the lever (6) .solidaire du plateau de cell (11); force fc which will be decomposed geometrically at the end of the lever (6) to generate a force fp2 = fc * sin (180 - Θ), perpendicular to the axis (6.1) of the lever (6) and where the angle Θ is formed between the axis (6.1) of the lever (6) and that of the cable (10); force fp2 which will produce a balancing torque C2 = fp2 * r4 acting directly on the bearing (11) of the cell (1).
    [4]
    4. device for assisting the tilting of filter cells (1) according to claims 1 to 3 being able to be mounted independently of a single, or possibly on each side of the vertical plane (aa) passing through the axis of the pipe of drainage (5) of the cell and the vertical central axis (3.1) of the filter; 5. filter cell assisting device (1) according to claims 1 to 4, wherein the cable (10) could be replaced by a rope of equal strength and chemical resistance; The filter cell assisting device (1) according to claim 1 to 5, wherein the cable (10) could comprise, in its length, a commercially available cable tensioner (20), allowing adjustment on site of its length d. 7. Device for assisting the switching of filter cells (1) according to claims 1 to 6, wherein the cable (10) could be doubled or tripled for safety reasons. 8. first device for assisting the tilting of cells (1) according to claims 1,3,4,5,6 7, wherein the cable (10) could be replaced by a rigid rod or rod of equal mechanical and chemical resistance ;
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    BE1020912B1|2019-09-16|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US1028789A|1909-11-16|1912-06-04|John Edward Rothwell|Separating device.|
    WO2002089953A1|2001-05-03|2002-11-14|Prayon Technologies|Continuous filtration device with pivoting cells|
    法律状态:
    2018-02-15| QB| Licence registered|Free format text: DETAILS LICENCE: LICENCE, ENREGISTREMENT D'UNE NOUVELLE LICENCE Name of requester: ATELIERS PIRET S.A. Effective date: 20171201 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    BE201200828|2012-12-11|
    BE20120828A|BE1020912B1|2012-12-11|2012-12-11|CELL TILTING ASSISTANCE DEVICE FORMING PART OF A ROTARY FILTER.|BE20120828A| BE1020912B1|2012-12-11|2012-12-11|CELL TILTING ASSISTANCE DEVICE FORMING PART OF A ROTARY FILTER.|
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